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| • | Generalities |
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| – | Density
inhomogeneities due to Travelling Ionospheric |
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| Disturbances
(TIDs) may affect radio observations at dam to dm |
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| wavelength. |
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| – | TIDs most often
due to gravity waves, sometimes to other |
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| phenomena
(including magnetosphere). |
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| – | Effects
are proportionnal to f-2 |
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| – | Gravity waves are
neutral atmosphere phenomenon , which |
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| couples through
collisions to electrons and ions |
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